ANALISIS MODIFIKASI DESAIN REAKTOR PADA RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PIROLISIS DAN PENGUJIAN NILAI KALOR UNTUK PLASTIK PP DAN ABS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v15i1.1493Keywords:
Pyrolysis, Plastic Waste, Polypropylene, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Plastic, Gross Calorific ValueAbstract
The increasing use of plastic results in a rise in the volume of waste each year and has an impact on the environment. Pyrolysis is a method for recycling plastic waste into fuel oil. Improvements in pyrolysis design and techniques continue to be made to obtain better performance and optimal results. In this study, we compare the rate of increase in heat and volume of oil produced from two pyrolysis device designs. The alpha version is the previous version of the pyrolysis apparatus with a flat plate roof reactor and without the addition of an insulator on the tube wall. While the beta version is a modification of the alpha version with a conical roof reactor with the addition of calk material on the tube wall. Modification of the pyrolysis apparatus was also carried out in the condensation section. The beta version of the pyrolysis device shows better performance, where the reactor temperature reaches 250 ⁰C, while the alpha version, which is the previous version, reaches a maximum temperature of 220 ⁰C in a longer time. The volume of oil produced by the beta version is 0.11 mL/gram of polypropylene plastic, whereas the alpha version produced only 0.01 mL/gram for the same material. The test results for the calorific value of polypropylene (PP) plastic waste were 43.838 MJ/kg, while for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) it was 44.772 MJ/kg.
References
Hendro D. Situmorang., Berita Satu, https://www.beritasatu.com/news/ 792091/48-juta-ton-per-tahun-sampah-plastik-di-indonesia-tidak-dikelola-dengan-baik, 25 Jun. 2021. Diakses pada 20 Desember 2022.
Syamsul A. Ma’arif, Antara News, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/ 2623933/sampah-dikabupaten-tangerang-capai-2500-ton-per-hari, 4 Jan. 2022. Diakses pada 20 Desember 2022.
Hadya D. Jayani, Databoks Katadata, Kebutuhan Energi Indonesia Diproyeksikan Capai 2,9 Miliar Setara Barel Minyak pada 2050 (katadata.co.id), 3 Des. 2021. Diakses pada 20 Desember 2022.
Kuncoro, A., Ma’muri, and Wisnugroho, S., “Desain Sistem Pirolisis untuk Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Perairan Wakatobi”, Dalam: Prosiding SNST ke-10 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim, pp. 7-12, Semarang, 2019.
Wijayanti, W., Sasongko, M.N., Meidiana, C., and Yuliati, L., “Metode pirolisis untuk penanganan sampah perkotaan sebagai penghasil bahan bakar alternatif”, Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, v. 4, n. 2, pp. 85-92, 2013.
Santhiarsa, I.G.N.N., “Rancang Bangun Alat Konversi Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak Dengan Metode Pirolisis Untuk Penanganan Sampah Plastik”, Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 189-196, 2022.
Kappler, G., Hauschild, T., Da Cruz Tarelho, L.A., and Moraes, C.A.M., “Waste to energy and materials through pyrolysis: a review”, Revista Technologia e Sociedade, v. 18, n. 53, pp. 281-302, 2022
Jahirul, M.I., Rasul, M.G., Chowdury, A.A., and Ashwath,N., “Biofuels production through biomass pyrolysis—a technological review”, Energies, v. 5, n. 12, pp. 4952-5001, 2012.
Balat, M., Balat, M., Kirtay, E., and Balat, H., “Main routes for the thermo-conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 1: Pyrolysis systems”, Energy conversion and Management, v. 50, n. 12, pp. 3147-3157, 2009.
Peng, Y., and Wu, S., “Fast pyrolysis characteristics of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose”, Cellulose chemistry and technology, v. 45, n. 9, pp. 605-612, 2011.
Aini, N.A., Jamilatun, S., and Pitoyo, J., “Pirolisis biomassa”, Agroindustrial Technology Journal, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 89-101, 2022
Wijayanti, W., and Sasongko, M.N., “Reduksi Volume Dan Pengarangan Kotoran Sapi Dengan Metode Pirolisis”, Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, v. 3, n. 3, pp. 404-410, 2012.
Thompson, R.C., Moore, C.J., Vom Saal F.S., and Swan, S.H., “Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends”, Philosophical transactions of the royal society B: biological sciences, v. 364, n. 1526, pp. 2153-2166, 2009.
Day, M., Cooney, J.D., Touchette-Barrette, C., and Sheehan, S.E. “Pyrolysis of mixed plastics used in the electronics industry”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, v. 52, n. 2, pp. 199-224, 1999.
Prasetiawan, H., Nafasyeila, T.D., Fardhayanti, D.S., “Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Limbah Plastik Pada Lingkungan: Review”, Dalam: Seminar Nasional TECHNOPEX-2022 Institut Teknologi Indonesia, pp. 1-19, Tangerang Selatan, Okt. 2022.
Pangala, J. R., Tambunan, A.H., Kartodiharjo, H., and Pari, G., “Desain dan Pengujian Kinerja Kompor Gasifikasi-Pirolisis”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 61-70, 2016.
Hadi, A., Gafur, A., Udiantoro, U., and Mukhlis, M., “Desain instalasi pirolisis limbah pertanian dalam rangka minimalisasi emisi gas rumah kaca dari lahan basah”, Dalam: Prosiding SNST ke-5 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim, pp. 1-9, Semarang, 2014.
Ridhuan, K., Irawan, D., Zanaria, Y., and Firmansyah, F., “Pengaruh jenis biomassa pada pembakaran pirolisis terhadap karakteristik dan efisiensi bio arang - asap cair yang dihasilkan”, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, v. 20, n. 1, pp. 18-27, Jan. 2019.
Adoe, D.G., Bunganaen, W., Krisnawi, I.F., and Soekwanto, F.A., “Pirolisis Sampah Plastik PP (Polyprophylene) menjadi Minyak Pirolisis sebagai Bahan Bakar Primer”, LONTAR Jurnal Teknik Mesin Undana, v. 3, n. 1, pp. 17-26, 2016.
Nugroho, A.S., “Pengolahan Limbah Plastik LDPE dan PP Untuk Bahan Bakar Dengan Cara Pirolisis”, Jurnal Litbang Sukowati: Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, v. 4, n. 1, pp. 91-100, 2020.
Wicaksono, M.A., and Arijanto, A., “Pengolahan sampah plastik jenis PET (Polyethilene perepthalathe) menggunakan metode pirolisis menjadi bahan bakar alternatif”, Jurnal Teknik Mesin, v. 5, n.1, pp. 9-15, 2017.
Santhiarsa, N., “Pengaruh Temperatur Larutan Dan Waktu Pelapisan Elektroles Terhadap Ketebalan Lapisan Metal Di Permukaan Plastik ABS”, Dalam: Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Engineering Perhotelan VII, Jimbaran, Sept. 2016.
Santoso, J., Uji sifat minyak pirolisis dan uji performasi kompor berbahan bakar minyak pirolisis dari sampah plastik, Skripsi Jurusan Teknik Mesin UNS, Surakarta, 2010.
Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P., and Baeyens, J., “Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review”, Waste Management, v. 29, n. 10, pp. 2625-2643, 2009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rudi Purwo Wijayanto, Francois Rubian Alhikam, Iyus Hendrawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
