PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN CO-SOLVENT FAME (FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS) DAN APLIKASINYA PADA MOTOR BAKAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v13i2.1056Keywords:
Transesterification , Co-Solvent, FAME, Palm Oil, Combustion EngineAbstract
The process of transesterification is slow due to the low solubility of triglycerides in methanol. The limitation of mass transfer can be overcome by adding a co-solvent. Co-solvent FAME is the right choice because it is the product of the reaction itself so that it does not require a separation process. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of FAME as a co-solvent in the transesterification of palm oil and its application to the combustion engine. The operating conditions were palm oil mass of 250 gr, NaOH catalyst 1.2% wt, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature 70oC, ratio molar of oil:methanol =1:6, reaction time (5,10,15,20,25,30 minutes), and co-solvent (0,5,10,15% wt). After the optimum conditions are obtained, the next step is to make biodiesel on a semi pilot plant scale. Oil, methanol, NaOH and co-solvent were put into a stirred reactor and heated at a reaction temperature of 70⁰C. After the reaction is complete then it is flowed into the separator for separation by adding hot water to form 2 layers. The top layer is biodiesel which was analyzed and performance test on the combustion engine. The optimum condition of the process is a reaction time of 10 minutes and the addition of 10% co-solvent, with a yield of 76.7783%. The results of the analysis of SNI 7182:2012 states that biodiesel meets almost all requirements. From the biodiesel performance test on the combustion engine, B10 got quite satisfactory results for the torque and opacity test parameters.
References
RAHIMI, M., MOHAMMADI, F., BASIRI, M., et al., “Transesterification of soybean oil in four-way micromixers for biodiesel production using a cosolvent”, Journal of the Taiwan Institute Chemical Engineers, v. 64, pp. 203–210, Apr. 2016.
JULIANTO, T.S., NURLESTARI, R., “The effect of acetone amount ratio as co-solvent to methanol in transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil”, IOP Conferences Series: Materials Science and Engineering, v. 349, n. 012063, pp. 1 – 4, 2018.
LASKAR, I.B., DESHMUKHYA, T., BHANJA, P., et al., “Transesterification of soybean oil at room temperature using biowaste as catalyst; an experimental investigation on the effect of co-solvent on biodiesel yield”, Renewable Energy, v. 162, pp. 98–111, 2020.
SINGH, V., YADAV, M., SHARMA, Y.C., “Effect of co-solvent on biodiesel production using calcium aluminium oxide as a reusable catalyst and waste vegetable oil”, Fuel, v. 203, pp. 360–369, Apr. 2017.
CHUELUECHA, N., KAEWCHADA, A., JAREE, A., “Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis using co-solvent in a packed-microchannel”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v. 51, pp. 162–171, 2017.
PARIDA, S., SAHU, D.K., MISRA, P.K., “Optimization of transesterification process by the application of ultrasound energy coupled with diesel as cosolvent”, Journal of the Energy Institute, v. 90, n. 4, pp. 556–562, 2016.
ENCINAR, J.M., PARDAL, A., SANCHEZ, N., “An improvement to the transesterification process by the use of co-solvents to produce biodiesel”, Fuel, v. 66, pp. 51–58, 2016.
DARYONO, E.D., SINAGA, E.J., “Transesterification of palm oil with NaOH catalyst using co-solvent methyl ester”, International Journal of ChemTech Research, v. 9, n. 12, pp. 570–575, 2016.
LE, H.N.T., IMAMURA, K., WATANABE, N., et al., “Biodiesel production from rubber seed oil by transesterification using a co-solvent of fatty acid methyl esters”, Chemical Engineering & Technology, v. 41, n. 5, pp. 1013–1018, 2018.
UYEN, N.H.P., THAO, P.T.P., ASADA, R., et al., “A new method for production of green biodiesel fuel using FAME as a co-solvent”, Eco-Engineering, v. 32, n. 3, pp. 61–67, 2020.
DARYONO, E.D., MUSTIADI, L., “Pengaruh penambahan co-solvent metil ester dan waktu reaksi pada proses transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit menjadi FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters)”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, v. 11, n. 1, pp. 16-20, 2022.
JIMMY, “Kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia, v. 7, n. 1, pp. 12-16, 2012.
DARYONO, E.D., SINAGA, E.J., “Rapid in situ transesterification of papaya seeds to biodiesel with the aid of co-solvent”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, v. 7, n. 1, pp. 379-385, 2017.
MARLINA, E., BASJIR, M., ICHIYANAGI, M., et al., “Role of eucalyptus oil in crude palm oil as biodiesel fuel”, Automotive Experiences, v. 3, n. 1, pp. 33–38, 2020.
MARTIN, M., ANWAR, S., ZEIN, N., “Analisa perbandingan bahan bakar solar dengan biodiesel B-20 minyak kelapa sawit terhadap performance engine Komatsu Saa12V140E-3, Jurnal Baut dan Manufaktur, v. 02, n. 02, pp. 48–56, Okt. 2020.
RAZI, M., SISWANTO, E., WIJAYANTI, W., “Pengaruh derajat pengapian terhadap kinerja motor bakar 6 langkah berbahan bakar etanol”, Rekayasa Mesin, v. 10, n. 3, pp. 299–308, 2019.
WAHYUDI, D.A., RANTO, BASORI, “Analisis perbandingan biodiesel minyak sawit, minyak biji kepuh dan minyak jelantah terhadap emisi gas buang dan opasitas pada mesin diesel”, Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Teknik Kejuruan, v. 11, n. 01, pp. 22–26, 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Elvianto Dwi Daryono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.